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让网络购药更安全更便捷******

　　随着药品网络销售活动日趋活跃，足不出户在网上购买常用药、急用药，成为很多人的新选择。相比线下售药，网上药店往往没有实体店铺，购药时也没有药师当面指导，销售行为的监管难度更大，因而更容易出现用药安全风险。近年来，网上违规出售处方药、非法销售违禁药的情况时有发生，需要加强对药品网络销售的监管。

　　12月1日，《药品网络销售监督管理办法》(以下简称《办法》)正式施行。从规定“药品网络销售企业应当按照经过批准的经营方式和经营范围经营”，到指出“通过网络向个人销售处方药的，应当确保处方来源真实、可靠，并实行实名制”，再到强调“第三方平台应当加强检查，对入驻平台的药品网络销售企业的药品信息展示、处方审核、药品销售和配送等行为进行管理”，《办法》为药品网络销售提供了更加明确的合规指引，对于进一步规范药品网络销售行为，保障网络购药安全具有重要作用。各级药品监管部门要将《办法》落到实处，全面做好药品网络销售监督管理，严查违法行为，维护药品网络销售秩序。

　　网上药店资质审核和销售行为监管需强化。药品网络销售主体类型多、数量庞大，推广和展示方式复杂多样，监管难度比实体药店更大。《办法》规定，“药品网络零售企业应当对药品配送的质量与安全负责”“应当完整保存供货企业资质文件、电子交易等记录”。网上药店基本都有线下实体企业和仓库，加强对网上药店的资质审核和药品检查，就抓住了药品网络销售监管的“牛鼻子”。抓好药品网络销售全过程监管，确保每一笔交易有留痕、可追溯，如有违法违规问题就可以实现快速倒查。

　　处方药网络销售需从严、从紧管理。我国对非处方药和处方药有着严格的分类管理：非处方药使用比较安全，不需要开具处方即可出售；处方药对人体具有潜在危险，违规出售造成的用药安全风险更大，必须在医生开具处方后方可出售。《办法》规定，“处方药销售前，应当向消费者充分告知相关风险警示信息，并经消费者确认知情”；销售处方药的药品网络零售企业“相关记录保存期限不少于5年，且不少于药品有效期满后1年”。药品网络销售监管要突出处方药销售这个重点，遵循经营监管“线上线下一致性”原则，加强处方审核，严厉打击伪造处方、随意开具处方等违法违规行为。

　　第三方平台应担负起管理和监督责任。第三方平台面向大量消费者，进驻的药店多、药品销量大，容易出现违法违规行为。《办法》对第三方平台建立药品质量安全管理机构，配备药学技术人员，建立并实施药品质量安全、处方审核、不良反应报告等管理制度做了详细规定，并要求对申请入驻的药品网络销售企业资质、质量安全保证能力等进行审核，对销售活动建立检查监控制度等。第三方平台要完善内部管理，进一步加强专业能力建设，不断强化对进驻药店销售行为的监督，从而更好地履行平台管理责任。

　　药品安全关系人民群众生命健康。《办法》对药品网络销售法律责任进行了详细规定，加大了对违法违规行为的处罚力度。监管部门须坚持“以网管网”，加强药品网络销售监测，发挥技术手段在保障药品质量安全方面的突出优势，一旦发现违法违规行为，依法依规严厉查处。药品网络销售企业、第三方平台要把药品安全放在首位，落实主体责任，加强行业自律。统筹协作、共管共治，一定能持续提升药品安全治理水平，让网络购药更安全、更便捷。

　　申少铁

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）